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While many attackers target computers with their cryptomining malware, researchers stressed that database servers are an attractive target for attackers because they are used for resource-intensive processes and thus contain potent processing capability. Researchers noted that cryptojacking may be utilized here by people who live in countries like Iran that are under strict international financial sanctionsВ by the U.S., in order to bypass the traditional banking system. вЂњSimilar to Google Maps or Waze, Neshan includes business information as part of its mapping services, and the entry for a company that lists vihansoft.ir as its website, and names its managing director.вЂќ вЂњWe found a reference to the business behind vihansoft.ir in the Persian-language mapping website ,вЂќ said researchers.

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For instance, one give away was that the server utilized to host the payloads for the campaign also hosted a domain (vihansoft.ir), which is a website tied to the software company. Researchers discovered a slew of records relating to the minerвЂ™s configuration, its domains and IP addresses that pointed to a single point of origin: an (unnamed) small software company based in Iran. While the attack seemed typical of most cryptominer attacks targeting internet-facing servers, what sets it apart is that the attacker вЂњappears to have thrown caution to the wind about concealing their identity,вЂќ said Gabor Szappanos, threat research director with Sophos Labs.

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вЂњIn most cases, the payload was a file named sys.dll, which (despite its file suffix) was not a Windows DLL but a zip archive containing a cryptominer binary, configuration file, and related files,вЂќ said researchers. Assm.exe then downloads the cryptominer payload from a web server, and connects to its command-and-control (C2) server to report the successful download and execution of the miner. A Microsoft SQL server (sqlservr.exe) process first launches a file called assm.exe, which is a trojan that serves as a downloader. Once downloaded onto the system, the cryptominer payload and configuration files are unpacked.

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Both of these botnets prey on various unpatched vulnerabilities in systems, with some additional infection vector tricks up their sleeve (including remote desktop protocol password brute-forcing for Lemon Duck). However, they pointed to techniques used by the MyKings SQL-attacking botnet or Lemon_Duck cryptocurrency botnet as a possibility. Researchers said that their records donвЂ™t reveal exactly how the malware gained a foothold on the database servers. These zip files have in turn been downloaded from other domains, one of which is mrbftp.xyz.вЂќ вЂњThis domain is connected to many other zip files also containing copies of the miner.

вЂњThe name of an Iran-based software company was hardcoded into the minerвЂ™s main configuration file,вЂќ said researchers with Sophos in a Thursday analysis. Now, researchers with Sophos have tracked the origin of the campaign to what they claim is a small software development company based in Iran. The campaign, dubbed MrbMiner, was discovered in September 2020 downloading and installing a cryptominer on thousands of SQL servers. Researchers have made new discoveries surrounding the source of a previously-uncovered cryptomining operation that has targeted internet-facing database servers.

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